To decrease the affect overuse could have on SS episodes, appropriate levels of training must be introduced, as the swimmer is able to handle them – too much work too soon, before the body has been prepared for that level of work, can result in SS (Baum, 1994; Koehler & Thorson, 1996; Tuffey, 2000). Training load problems could be exacerbated through the overuse of equipment such as hand paddles and kickboards (Baum, 1994; Costill, Maglischo, & Richardson, 1992). Training considerations to decrease SS problems include: - Limit hand-paddle use early in the training season (Baum, 1994; Costill, Maglischo, & Richardson, 1992; Loosli & Quick, 1996; Pollard, 2001).
- Limit the use of a kickboard (Costill, Maglischo, & Richardson, 1992; Pollard, 2001).
- Avoid sudden increase in workout intensity or mileage (Costill, Maglischo, & Richardson, 1992; Koehler & Thorson, 1996; Mayo Clinic, 2000; Tuffey, 2000).
- Match water and dry-land work in terms of progression, intensity, and load (Baum, 1994).
- Utilize swim-fins to reduce shoulder stress (Counsilman & McAllister, 1986; Loosli & Quick, 1996).
- Mix in other swimming strokes more frequently during a workout and throughout the season (Pollard, 2001).
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